Elementary School

English (Oral Language, Reading, Writing)

• Oral Communication: Speaking and Listening, Participating in Conversations, Following Directions, Poems, Rhymes, Songs, and Stories
• Vocabulary: Understanding Word Meanings in Context
• Phonological Awareness: Identifying Units of Sound
• Reading: Print Materials, Phonetic Principles, Letters of the Alphabet, Consonants, Vowels, and Digraphs
• Reading Comprehension: Literary and Informational, Identify Story Elements, Questions and Predictions
• Handwriting: Name Recognition and Construction, Letter Recognition and Formation, Basic Sentence Formation
• Composition: Communicating Ideas Through Pictures and Writing

English (Oral Language, Reading, Writing)

• Oral Communication: Speaking and Listening, Conversation and Discussions, Clarifying and Explaining, Poems, Rhymes, Songs, and Stories
• Vocabulary: Expanding Vocabulary, Using Context
• Phonemes: Blending and Segmenting Sounds, Forming New Words
• Reading: Letters, Words, Sentences, Paragraphs, Phonetic Skills, Decoding, Sight Words
• Reading Comprehension: Literary and Informational, Retell and Identify Literary Elements, Ask and Answer Questions, Main Idea and Supporting Details
• Handwriting: Formation and Spacing
• Composition: Writing and Editing, Spelling and Punctuation, Communicating Ideas to Share with Others

English (Oral Language, Reading, Writing)

• Oral Communication: Speaking and Listening, Storytelling and Drama, Communicating for a Purpose, Participating in a Group Discussion, Multimodal Presentations
• Vocabulary: Expanding Vocabulary through Reading and Listening, Prefixes and Suffixes
• Phonetic Strategies: Decoding and Spelling Multisyllabic Words
• Reading: Fluency, Phonetic Principles, Decoding, Sight Words
• Reading Comprehension: Literary and Informational Texts, Characters and Conflict, Theme, Ask and Answer Questions, Main Idea, Print and Online Reference Resources
• Writing: Legible Printing, Beginning Cursive, Writing and Revising Stories, Descriptions, Editing for Grammar, Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling

English (Oral Language, Reading, Writing)

• Oral Communication: Interacting in Group Discussions, Presenting Reports
• Vocabulary: Building Vocabulary through Morphology, Context Clues, and Shades of Meaning
• Reading Comprehension: Reading for a Purpose; Literary, Informational, and Poetry: Plot Elements, Character Development, Theme, Main Idea; Print and Electronic Resources
• Writing: Cursive Handwriting, Planning, Drafting, Revising, and Editing Stories, Descriptions, Responsive Writing, Opinions, and Short Reports

English (Communication, Media Literacy, Reading, Writing, and Research)

• Speaking, Listening, and Media Literacy: Discussion, Collaboration, Presentations, Reports, and Multimodal Texts; Examining Media Messages
• Vocabulary: Expanding Vocabulary through Reading, Morpheme Analysis, Using Context, and Reference Resources
• Reading: Literary, Informational, and Poetry, Author’s Language Use, Point of View, Summarize Main Idea, Organizational Patterns, Print and Electronic Resources
• Composition: Writing Process, Patterns of Organization, Narratives and Explanations, Responsive Writing, Persuasive Papers, Electronic Writing Process
• Research: Locating Online, Print, and Media Resources to Research Topics, Digital Citizenship
• Technology: Using Technology to Organize, Evaluate, and Communicate Information, Keyboarding

English (Communication, Media Literacy, Reading, Writing, and Research)

• Speaking, Listening, and Media Literacy: Collaborating in Group Learning Activities, Verbal and Nonverbal Communication, Purpose and Effectiveness of Media Messages
• Vocabulary: Expanding Vocabulary through Reading, Morpheme Analysis, Using Context, and Reference Resources
• Reading: Literary, Informational, and Poetry, Character Analysis, Theme Development, Author’s Language Use, Supporting Claims with Evidence, Summarize Main Idea
• Composition: Writing to Tell a Story, Explain, Persuade, and Respond
• Research: Evaluating Online, Print, and Media Resources, Citing Sources, Creating Research Products
• Technology: Using Technology to Organize, Evaluate, and Communicate Information, Keyboarding

• Number Comparison: More/Fewer/Same (0-30), Greater Than/Less Than/Same As
• Counting: Forward to 100, Backward given number 1-20, one more (0-30)/one less (1-20)
• Number Patterns: Repeating Patterns, Counting by 1s, 5s and 10s to 100, Part-Part-Whole Relationships up to 10
• Computation: Addition/Subtraction of Whole Numbers Up to 10, Number Sense
• Calendar: Months of Year, Days of Week (yesterday, today, tomorrow)
• Measurement: Comparison of 2 objects/events using attributes of length, height, weight, volume, and time
• Geometry: Identify/Describe/Construct/Compare/Name Plane Figures (circles, triangles, squares, and rectangles)
• Data Collection: Apply data cycle with focus on object graphs, picture graphs
• Patterns, Functions, Algebra: Repeating Patterns

• Counting: Forward to 120 (ones, twos, fives, tens), Backward given number 1-30, Identify Number Position (first-tenth)
• Compare and Order: Numbers 0-120 with pictures and words (greater than, less than, equal to), order sets (0-120) from least to greatest/greatest to least
• Fractions: Halves and Fourths
• Money: Attributes (size, color, and shape) of coins, Value of like coins < 100 cents
• Computation (0-20): Addition/Subtraction, Story/Picture Problems
• Time: Analog/Digital (to the hour and ½ hour)
• Measurement with Nonstandard Units: Compare Length/Weight/Volume, measure with different units (Length/Weight/Volume)
• Geometry: Describe, sort, draw, and name Plane Figures and Attributes
• Data Collection and Interpretation: Tables, Picture Graphs, and Object Graphs using the data cycle
• Patterns, Functions, and Algebra: Identify, describe, extend, create and transfer Growing/Repeating Patterns

• Place Value: Identification, Number Sense, Rounding (Nearest Ten)
• Number Comparison: (0-999) with symbols (<, >, =)
• Fractions: Name/Write/Represent with models (halves, thirds, fourths, sixths, eighths), Compare with symbols (<,>, =)
• Counting: Skip Counting up to 200 (2s, 5s, 10s, 25s), Backwards by 10s from 200, forward by 100s up to 1000 Even and Odd (0-50)
• Patterns: Describe, extend, create, and transfer repeating & increasing patterns (Numbers or Symbols)
• Computation: Addition and Subtraction (2-digits) within 100, Estimation, Problem Solving, Basic Facts, Inverse Relationships, Modeling
• Money: Count/Construct/Represent Collection of coins up to $2.00, Cent/Dollar Symbol/Decimal Point
• Measurement: Tool identification/U.S. Customary Units for Length, Weight, Liquid Volume
• Time: Analog and Digital (to five minutes), Appropriate Unit of Time
• Geometry: Identify, Describe, Create, Compare, and Contrast Plane/Solid Figures, Symmetry, Congruency
• Data Collection and Interpretation: Pictographs and Bar Graphs using the Data Cycle
• Equality: Notation & Meaning (=, ≠)

• Place Value: Through Hundred-Thousands, Standard, Word, and Expanded Form
• Number and Number Sense: Estimating, Comparing & Ordering (0-9,999)
• Computation and Estimation: Add/Subtract (1000 or less), Multiplication and Division up to 10 x 10, Practical Problems with Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division
• Fractions: Representations & Comparisons, Mixed Numbers, Equivalent Fractions
• Money (Up to $5.00): Value of Coins/Bills, Making Change, Multi-step Application Problems.
• Measurement (Customary & Metric): Measurement of Length/Liquid Volume/Weight/Mass, Perimeter and Area
• Time: Analog and Digital (to the nearest minute), Elapsed Time
• Geometry: Identify/Describe/Classify/Compare/Combine/Subdivide polygons
• Patterns, Functions, and Algebra: Create/Extend increasing and decreasing patterns
• Data Collection and Interpretation: Pictographs and Bar Graphs using the Data Cycle

• Place Value: Through Hundred Millions, Compare and Order Numbers (up to 7 digits)
• Computation and Estimation: Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to sums and differences of whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.
• Fractions: Representing, Simplifying, Comparing and ordering fractions (proper, improper, and mixed) with denominators 12 or less, examine relationships to decimals, and multiply whole numbers with unit fractions
• Decimals: Identification through Thousandths, Models, Estimation (nearest tenth/hundredth), Comparing and ordering
• Measurement: Estimation/Problem Solving with U.S. Customary and Metric Units, Elapsed Time
• Geometry: Area and Perimeter Formulas, Points, Lines, Line Segments, Rays, Angles, Line Relationships (Parallel, Intersecting, Perpendicular), Congruent Figures, Quadrilaterals
• Statistics: Line Graphs using the Data Cycle, Probability and Simple Events
• Patterns, Functions & Algebra: Balancing Equations, Creation/Extension of Increasing and Decreasing Patterns and Functional Relationships

• Number Sense: Place Value, Estimating, Comparing and Ordering, Prime/Composite
• Practical Problems: Addition and Subtraction (Whole Numbers up to 5 digits, Decimals, Fractions), Multiplication and Division (Whole Numbers up to 4-digit by 2-digit, Decimals, Fractions with whole times proper fraction)
• Fractions and Decimals: Comparison, Equivalent Relationships, Conversions, Least Common Denominator, Addition and Subtraction with Like and Unlike Denominators (12 or less)
• Order of Operations: Evaluation of Whole Number Expressions
• Measurement: Practical problems and equivalent relationships within the Metric system for length, mass, and liquid volume
• Geometry: Practical Problems (Perimeter, Area, Volume) 
• Triangles: Classification by Sides/Angles, Practical Problems
• Statistics: Probability (Sample Space & Fundamental (Basic) Counting Principal, Line Plots and Stem-and-Leaf Plots using the Data Cycle, Mean/Mode/Median/Range in context
• Patterns, Functions & Algebra: Numeric/Geometric Patterns, Variables, Problem Solving, One-step Equations

• Scientific and Engineering Practices: Ask Questions, Make Observations, Describe Patterns, Sequence Objects, Read and Interpret data in object graphs, picture graphs, and tables, Make Conclusions based on Data, Communicate Comparative Measures
• Force, Motion, and Energy: Push and Pull
• Matter and Water: Colors, Shapes, Relative Size/Weight, Textures, Characteristics and Uses of Water
• Living Systems and Processes: Five Senses, Living and Nonliving, Basic Needs, Life Processes, and Life Cycles
• Earth and Space Systems: Sunlight on Earth, Shadows, Weather, Patterns in Nature (Seasons and Day/Night), and Changes Over Time
• Earth Resources: Resources, Recycling Reusing, and the Impact of Choices

• Scientific and Engineering Practices: Ask Questions, Make Predictions, Investigate, Measure Relative Length, Weight, Volume, and Temperature, Use Models, Organize, Read, and Interpret Data in Graphs and Tables, Make Conclusions
• Force, Motion, and Energy: Motion and Sound
• Matter: Physical Properties Introduction
• Living Systems and Processes: Animals, Plants – Basic Needs, Structures, and Classification
• Earth and Space Systems: Sun and Earth, Seasonal Changes, Weather
• Earth Resources: Natural Resources, Conservation, Human Impact

• Scientific and Engineering Practices: Ask Questions, Make Predictions, Conduct Investigations, Use Appropriate Tools to Measure, Organize and Represent Data in Tables and Graphs, Interpret Data, Use Models, Draw Conclusions, Communicate Observations
• Force Motion & Energy: Forces including Magnetism and Gravity
• Matter: Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Phase Changes
• Living Systems and Life Processes: Plants and Animal Life Cycles, Habitats, Relationships
• Earth and Space Systems: Weather Characteristics and Patterns, and the Effect of Weather on Animals/Plants
• Earth Resources: Plants are an important natural resource

• Scientific and Engineering Practices: Ask Testable Questions, Plan and Conduct Investigations, Use Tools for Measurement, Organize, Read, Interpret, and Analyze Data and Graphs,  Use Evidence to Support Explanations, Use Models
• Force, Motion and Energy: Net Force, Friction, Simple and Compound Machines
• Matter: Interactions with Water
• Living Systems and Life Processes: Land and Ocean Ecosystems, Populations, Adaptations, Food Chains
• Earth and Space Systems: Soil Components, Importance of Soil, and Water Cycle
• Earth Resources: Conservation and Human Impact

• Scientific and Engineering Practices: Develop Hypotheses, Plan and Conduct Investigations with Variables, Take Measurements in Metric and U.S Customary, Organize, Represent, and Analyze Data (graphs), Use Evidence to make Conclusions Develop and Use Models
• Living Systems and Life Processes: Plant Structures/Processes, Photosynthesis, Ecosystems, Behavioral/Structural Adaptations, Food Webs, Classification
• Earth and Space Systems: Weather Conditions and Phenomenon, Climate, Ocean Environment
• Earth Resources: Watershed and VA Natural Resources

• Scientific and Engineering Practices: Ask Testable Questions, Plan and Conduct Investigations with Variables and Measurements, Organize, Interpret, and Analyze Data, Construct Arguments with Data, Develop and Use Models, Communicate Information and Solutions.
• Force, Motion, and Energy: Forms of Energy, Energy Transformations, Force and Energy, Net Force, Motion, Electricity, Sound, Visible Light
• Matter: Atoms, Mixtures, Solutions, Effects of Temperature
• Earth and Space Systems: Rock Cycle, Fossils, Plate Tectonics, Weathering, Erosion, Human Impact, Solar System Characteristics, Moon Phases, Seasons, Tides
• Earth Resources: Conservation of Energy Resources, Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

Social Studies

• Skills: Apply Geographic Skills, Sequence Information, Cause and Effect Relationships, Practice Good Citizenship
• History: Identify Early Communities, Contributions of Leaders and Local Community Members, Historic Events
• Geography: Describe Relative Location of People, Places, Things, Objects, Basic Map Symbols
• Economics: Describe Ways People Work, Jobs, Wants and Needs
• Civics: Practice Citizenship, State and National Traditions and Holidays, Symbols of Patriotism

Social Studies

• Skills: Explore Information Sources, Geographic Features, Sequencing, Similarities and Differences, Economic Decision Making, and Responsible Citizenship
• History: Early Virginia History, Indigenous People, Virginia Leaders, Major Holidays
• Geography: Locate Virginia, United States, Jamestown, Richmond, Washington D.C., Continents, and Oceans on Maps
• Economics: Goods and Services, Consumers and Producers, Ways People Work, Earn and Save Money, Choices, Needs Over Wants
• Civics: Practice Citizenship, Local and State Representatives, State and National Traditions and Holidays, Patriotic Symbols, Voting

Social Studies

• Skills: Explore Information Sources, Apply Geographic Skills, Sequence and Organize Information, Cause-and-Effect Relationships, and Responsible Citizenship
• History: Indigenous Nations and Tribes, European Explorers, Revolutionary Leaders, Principles of Democracy, Thirteen Colonies, Declaration of Independence, New Nation, Western Expansion, Contributions of Scholars, Inventors, Explorers, Reformers
• Geography: Locate North America, the Bordering Oceans, Major Rivers, Mountain Ranges, Lakes in U.S., Connect Landmarks and Historical Events
• Economics: Natural Resources, Human Resources, Capital Resources, Needs and Wants, Exchange of Goods and Services
• Civics: Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship, Voting, Respect for Laws, Rights, Beliefs, and Opinions of Others, Traditions and Holidays, State and National Symbols

Social Studies

• Skills: Analyze and Interpret Information sources, Develop Questions, Use Evidence to Construct Timelines, Classify Events, Make Arguments, Compare and Contrast People, Places, Events
• History: Geographic, Political, Economic, Social Structures of Ancient Egypt, China, Greece, Rome, Mali, and United States.
• Geography: Seven Continents, Five Oceans, Major Rivers, Mountain Ranges, and Geographic Features, Features of Ancient Societies
• Economics: Production, Distribution, Consumption of Goods and Services, Natural, Human, and Capital Resources
• Civics: American Customs and Traditions, Principles of Government, Respect for Laws, First Amendment Rights, Duties and Responsibilities of Citizenship

Virginia Studies

• Skills: Analyze and Interpret Information Sources, Apply Geographic and Historical Thinking Skills, Use Source Evidence to Construct Timelines, Classify Events
• History: Virginia’s Role and Contributions in American History from its Indigenous Peoples, Founding of Jamestown, American Revolution, New Nation, Founding Documents and Leaders, Western Expansion, Civil War, Reconstruction and Past War Eras, Civil Rights Era, 21st Century Global Economy
• Geography: Locate Virginia, Bordering States, Geographic Regions, Bodies of Water, United States and North America
• Economics: Virginia Company of London Charter, Trade, Goods and Services, Institution of Slavery, Industries, Growth of Cities, Wartime Economy, Global Economy
• Civics: Colonization, Legislative Body, General Assembly, Founding Documents, Constitution Amendments, Massive Resistance, Virginia Supreme Court Cases

Virginia Studies

• Skills: Analyze and Interpret Maps, Charts, Graphs, and Pictures, Use Decision-Making Model, Geography Tools, Career Connections
• Virginia Geography: Bordering States, Geographic Regions, Major Cities, Products and Technology, Natural Resources, Industries, Travel
• United States: Physical Characteristics, Major Geographic Regions, 50 States, Bodies of Water, Weather and Disaster Preparedness, Products and Industries, Trade
• North America and the Globe: Physical Characteristics, Geographic Regions, Continents, Oceans, Energy, Climate vs Weather, Products and Industries, Global Trade